Hongik Ingan is an ideal articulated at the time of the founding of the Korean nation. The origin of this idea is recorded in history as part and parcel of the story of Dangun, the first ancestor of all Korean people. It contains an exceptional aspiration that the Korean people would build a nation that “lived for the benefit of all humankind.”

And while remarkable in and of itself, upon close examination, the applications of Hongik ingan become truly significant in light of all the different challenges we face as a global community.

In Dr. Hyun Jin P. Moon’s book, Korean Dream: A Vision for a Unified Korea, he outlines just some of the manifestations of such an ideal in Korean history, including:

• A system of government that granted human rights and dignity to the people hundreds of years before modern Western forms of Constitutional government
• The constant aspiration to build an ideal nation through even the harshest of historical experiences
• A remarkably high level of religious freedom and spiritual orientation as a people
• A culture wherein the people viewed one another as members of one large extended family
• An outward and forward-moving orientation as seen in the entrepreneurial spirit and global mindset of the Korean people

Yet today, on both sides of the 38th parallel, we struggle to see the spirit of Hongik Ingan.

Understanding and studying Hongik Ingan as the spiritual roots of the Korean people is crucial to finding a way forward to the people of Dangun.

Excerpt from Korean Dream: A Vision for a Unified Korea:

Korean identity, originating in the Dangun founding story and the Hongik Ingan ideal, and forged through harsh historical experience, is inseparable from Korea’s destiny. Hongik Ingan laid out the principles that took root in the Korean consciousness, leading Koreans to aspire to high-minded ideals and adopt a fundamentally spiritual outlook toward life. On the level of society this produced the desire to establish an ideal nation and to become a source of inspiration and learning for the rest of humanity. […]

These characteristics run like a thread through Korea’s history and point us toward our unfulfilled destiny. They have given us the capacity to embrace a wide range of religions and ethical systems – Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Christianity – yet, always being able to adapt them to correspond with our unique spiritual consciousness – one that has been forged and tempered by a Korean reality and a pursuit of our destiny.

Unification is the next significant step towards realizing that destiny. However, to successfully achieve it, Korean must revive those core ideals that still burn deep within the Korean consciousness and are an essential foundation of our Korean identity.

The Hongik Ingan Timeline

Hongik ingan laid out principles and values that lead Koreans to aspire to high-minded ideals and adopt a fundamentally spiritual outlook toward life. Here is a timeline of events that took place throughout Korea’s early history that ignited the spirit of hongik ingan, inspiring the Korean people to reaffirm their identity and destiny and spark innovation.

To learn more, visit: Korean Dream

 

Hyun Jin Moon, founder and Chairman of the Global Peace Foundation called for greater civil society engagement to advance Korean Unification at an interview with the Joonahn Daily during the Global Peace Forum for Korean Reunification in late September.

Below is the English translation of the article. Visit here for the original article in Korean.

“Reunification requires People Power more than Government”

Hyun Jin Moon (46), Chairman of the Global Peace Foundation (GPF) and the third son of late Sun Myung Moon, the founder of the Unification Church, jumped into the world peace movement through the GPF, an international non-profit private organization established in 2009. It has no relation to the Unification Church. With the headquarters located in Washington, the foundation has branches in 22 countries worldwide, fostering peacebuilding beyond religious differences including support for sustainable development model for developing nations.

GPF hosted the Economic Forum on the Unification of the Korean Peninsula on the 8th at the InterContinental Hotel in Samsung-dong, Seoul. From various civic, academic, and religious sectors, 1,200 participants including Edwin Feulner, the founder of the Heritage Foundation and Jong Wook Jeong, Vice Chairperson of the Presidential Committee for Unification Preparation, were present that day. Dr. Moon suggested, “in order to lead national unification, we must strengthen our economy.” As a focal point he urged reform of the financial system. He also sponsored “The New Era Unification Song” campaign led by 1,100 civic groups.

-What is the objective of this event?
“That for the first time in Korea, a public-based, domestic and international, grass-roots Korean unification movement has begun. Since my father opened a door for interactions between the South and the North, relations have been expanded through the Sunshine Policy. However, the movement went in an unexpected direction and as a result extended the North’s regime and even ended up supporting their nuclear development. This was due to the lack of an overall strategy and precise goals by both governmental and civil groups. To truly achieve the national unification, we must have a shared vision and initiate a unification movement which can embrace liberals, conservatives and religious groups. ‘Korean Dream’ was presented as that vision and a new frame of Unification not based on the cold war paradigm but based on shared Korean identity.”

-「Korean Dream」 is also the title of your book about your vision of reunification published last year. What exactly does “Korean Dream” mean?
“It is our national identity and the destiny of our people based on the philosophy of ’Hongik Ingan’. Koreans have been raised with Hongik Ingan, a concept of ‘benefiting all people’ and take it for granted. However, from the eyes of an individual who was educated overseas, this should be a source of pride. People generally think that the concept of human rights and freedom is rooted in the Western tradition. However, Korea is the only country that, from ancient times, has conceived the ideals of benefiting the entire human race. It is our mission to bring peace to the world as well as the Korean peninsula and to benefit everyone.”

“ ‘A unified Korea’ could be the world’s 8th largest economic power
To gain power to lead the national unification, economic strength through financial reform is mandatory
A people-led grass-roots unification movements is necessary”

-Younger generations are relatively less concerned with the idea of national unification. How would you explain to them the relevance of reunification?
“Some of the older generations have planted the incorrect idea that reunification is too expensive. For that, we are all to blame. We must let them know the truth based on facts. If you say the Unification doesn’t matter to us, who will try? We must let them know that it concerns us all. It is not something incredibly difficult, nor has negative effects. It is achievable for the benefit of the world. Goldman Sachs stated that Korea will become the 8th largest economic power in the world after reunification.”

-You have discussed economic effects. How should the Korean economy prepare for reunification?
“The most negative aspect of the Korean economy is that the government intervenes and tries to manipulate the system. Reforms in the financial market are essential. Through the innovation of the financial sector, more people should be able to access capital and this will eventually create even more capital. To achieve social reforms and lead national unification, the Korean economy must be more robust.”

-It seems that you emphasize civil society led movements but ultimately the government’s economic policy should also be innovated. Does this mean that the reunification movement will be difficult if only with civil pressures?
“There are differences between the conventional civil movements and the grass-roots public movements that I am supporting. It means that beyond the ideology of left and right, all sectors in Korean society, including religions and corporations, should participate in the movement. When that happens, the political sector cannot help but follow.”

-What should be done to help them take ownership of the issue of reunification?
“Since the commencement of this movement, I have met politicians and business people and they say, ‘Isn’t the government responsible for reunification?’ I am here to challenge that standpoint. From a perspective of a mature democratic society, national changes are led by the power of its people. Unification is our issue not someone else’s. Genghis Khan said, ‘a dream of an individual is only a dream, but when that dream is perceived by everyone, it become reality.’”

Dr. Hyun Jin Preston Moon, founder and chairman of the Global Peace Foundation talked about the potential of a grassroots movement to push ahead Korean reunification in an interview with Shin Donga, a monthly Korean magazine. Below is an unofficial English translation for our English-language readers.

Visit here for the original Korean article.

“A Grassroots Unification Movement will Generate a Huge Wave”
Peace Activist, Hyun Jin Moon, Chairman of GPF

• One dream to create one Korea
• Sponsored “One K Concert” to inspire the youth
• Realizing Hongik Ingan through a civic-led unification

Song Hong-gŭn, carrot@donga.com
Photographer: Pak Hae-yun

The Chairman of the Global Peace Foundation (GPF), Hyun Jin Moon, aims to be a “global citizen.” He goes all over the globe as if it were his front yard leading a peace movement. He instills ownership for peace based on the “Hongik Ingan” philosophy, “To Benefit all mankind.”

Moon studied History at Columbia University in the U.S. and graduated with an MBA from Harvard Business School. He also has a Master’s degree in Religion. He competed in the Olympics (1988, 1992) as a national representative of Korea in equestrian. At age 46, he has nine children.

Moon is the third son of the late Rev. Sun Myung Moon, the founder of the Unification Church. However, due to the passing of his two elder brothers, he is the oldest living son. He is not a member of the Unification Church. In fact, he has no relationship to Korea’s Unification Church. Moon emphasizes that he is a, “peace activist that has gone outside the box of religion.” He has led a global peace movement since 2009 with the founding of GPF. GPF’s headquarters is in Washington D.C., U.S.

He thinks of himself as an pioneer of ‘a grassroots reunification movement of the Korean peninsula.’ Along with around 1,100 domestic civil society groups, he is advancing the unification movement. GPF began to expand the unification movement beginning in 2010. On October 8th in Samsong-dong Seoul, GPF hosted the ‘Korea Unification Forum’ with the topic of ‘Examining the Role of Civil Society and Global Cooperation in Furthering a Unified Korea.’ On of the same day, GPF hosted the Global Peace Economic Forum with the title of ‘Peaceful Unification and Economic Development.’

I met him on October 6 at the Grand Intercontinental Hotel in Samsŏng-dong.

“Reunification? The Answer Is in ‘Hongik Ingan’”

–You have been doing reunification movements for the Korean peninsula since 2010. Was there something that initially motivated you?
“As I explained in detail in my book that was published last year, unification of North and South Korea will not only be a blessing to the Korean people, but a blessing for humanity, especially in the advocacy of peace. There are two major hotspots in the world today: Northeast Asia with this North and South Korea issue and the Middle East. By bringing about the reunification of North and South Korea, you are going to be building North East Asia region for peace and economic growth for the other nations in the world and stability in the global economy, as well as dealing with nuclear proliferation.

Last year, Dr. Moon published the Korean Dream, subtitled, ‘A Vision of a Unified Korea.’ This book contains the ‘a roadmap for reunification,’ which is based on the Korean peninsula’s identity and destiny. The main idea of the book is if Korea can rediscover the identity of its people rooted in Hongik Ingan and achieves unification, Korea will become a leading country in the 21st century as a model for world peace.

     A ‘Pebble’ and a Huge Wave

“The process of unification has to start with rediscovering the identity of the Korean people that was formed by its unique historical traditions. A mindset of Hongik Ingan, in other words, benefitting all people and working for humankind is our people’s destiny. The philosophy of Hongik Ingan holds the universal values of humankind. A vision of unification must be formed using a mentality of Hongik Ingan that is shared by both North and South as a foundation.

The start of this destiny starts from establishing a self-governing unified state that will realize our mission. As for unification, Korea will become the stepping stone contributing to a prosperous East Asia and world peace.”

He frequently quotes Genghis Khan, saying, “One person’s dream is nothing more than a dream, but when everyone dreams together, that dream becomes reality.”

“Genghis Khan’s tribe was the weakest group in Mongolia, but their dream of ‘one world beneath one sky’ was profound. They all dreamed the same dream, and constructed the largest empire in mankind’s history. The United States’ revolution was the same thing. Poor farmers and small store owners revolted against Great Britain. They dreamed that they would found a nation to preserve their God-given rights, and became the superpower they are today. The ideal that Hongik Ingan reveals is the same as the dream of the empire of the Mongolians and the hope of founding the United States.”

–You have taken the lead in unification movements lead by civil society groups and citizens. What is the reason for stressing citizen-led grassroots unification movements?
“Historically, social revolution has been driven from the bottom. The collapse of the USSR was that way, as was the unification of Germany. The Arab Spring was the same. True movements don’t happen from top to bottom but from bottom to top. Our government’s reunification policy goes back and forth depending on whether or not the administration is liberal or conservative. Grassroots unification movements that have Korea’s identity at the base can overcome these limitations. Consistent unification movements are possible.

In the U.S., civil society mainly changed society by politicizing agendas. In Korea, there is a mentality that ‘if the government doesn’t lead, it cannot be done,’ but it’s time for that attitude to change. One ordinary citizen, if one individual becomes an owner of the unification issue, a huge unification movement wave will rise up. The government will have to follow this giant wave.”

He stressed that, “’I’ alone cannot change the world. But I can throw a pebble which can make a lot of waves.”

–It seems that there is not much interest in reunification for the younger generation.
Why aren’t teens and people in their 20s interested in reunification? It’s the fault of adults. It’s because adults haven’t correctly explained to the younger generation that unification is an important issue, one that has a colossal influence on our future. It’s also a problem that they have been misinformed about the cost of reunification and the phenomenon that arose in Germany after the reunification, etc. We haven’t been able to teach the young generation about how many people would benefit if we were united or how it would contribute to the life of humankind. One of the reasons that I wrote Korean Dream, also, was to correct the perceptions of young people.”

      “One Dream, One Korea”

–You sponsored the new era unification song ‘ONE K’ concert. Are you also interested in the songs of Korea’s girl groups?
“Sorry, I don’t really know. My daughter knows a lot. I organized the event to increase the interest of teens and people in their 20s about reunification.”

On October 9, a new era unification song concert, ‘ONE-K,’ was held in the Seoul World Cup Stadium, attended by people from all walks of life, such as K-Pop stars, Secretary Hong Yong-pyo from the Ministry of Unification, and representatives from both parties. Approximately 40,000 people sang the unification song ‘One Dream, One Korea’ together. ‘One Dream, One Korea’ was written by Kim Hyŏng-sŏk with lyrics by Kim Ina as a song targeted to the 1020 generation, and sung by EXO, Wonder Girls, EXID, AOA, and other K-Pop stars. The ensemble versions of ‘One Dream, One Korea’ and the Yang-pa and Na Yun-gwŏn duet version of the song can be downloaded or listened to on music track sites like Soribada, MelOn, Bugs, and Genie. In the music video, Kim Mu-sŏng of the Saenuri Party and Moon Chae-in of the New Politics Alliance for Democracy were featured.

Moon was born in Seoul and raised in the U.S. His parents’ hometowns were north of the military demarcation line. His father was from Chŏngju, in North Pyŏng’an Province, and his mother was from Anju, in South Pyŏng’an Province. Growing up as a Korean in the U.S., the division of his fatherland was, ‘something that could not be separated from his life.’ When he grew up, American people thought of all East Asian people as Chinese. If you said that you were ‘Korean,’ the next question was always, ‘Which Korea?’ He was uncertain about how to reply, since he was born in South Korea but his parents were from North Korea. The identity issues that he experienced while spending his childhood in the U.S. led to an interest in Korean history and his family background.

     The Ideals of Dangun and Baekbeom

“My great uncle (Moon Yun-guk) who was a Protestant pastor led approximately 4,000 people from North Pyŏng’an Province’s Sŏnchŏn, Chŏngju, Osan, etc. at the time of the March 1st Movement, and while he was doing a patriotic protest, he was arrested and sentenced to two years in prison. He should have been one of the 33 people who represented the people and signed the Declaration of Independence, but since the whole region was under surveillance, Yi Myŏng-ryong, who was an elder who attended my uncle’s church, participated in the 33 signatures.

My father saw the unification of the peninsula as the core that would realize world peace. Through his dramatic meeting with Premier Kim Il-sung in 1991, he blazed the trail for opening North Korea’s doors. Afterward, through the Sunshine Policy, with North Korea’s doors open, countless groups went into North Korea and worked. However, the government and the private organizations worked disjointedly without agreeing on the purpose of the exchanges with North Korea or what kind of reunification would take place, so in the end, the North Korean regime was prolonged and nuclear development was facilitated.

As I emphasized before, a vision of what kind of unification is more important than anything. Hongik Ingan is both the origin of the Korean people, as well as a thought that has become our dream, and the root of our people’s identity. Korean people’s given destiny is to achieve reunification and create a new future for the Korean people and the Korean peninsula, as well as for all of Asia and the world.”

In Baekbeom, Kim Gu also said something similar to this.

“I want Korea not to become a country that imitates others, but to become the source of new high culture, to become a goal, and to become a model. Thus, I want true world peace to become real in the world because of Korea. I believe that Hongik Ingan was an ideal of our national founder, Dangun.” (Kim Gu)

Moon considers Hongik Ingan to be inherent to Koreans.

“The philosophy of inalienable rights that appears in the U.S. Declaration of Independence was recognized 5,000 years ago within the philosophy of Hongki Ingan, and it contains the ideals that has consensus from humanity. As for ‘benefit the world,’ the founding philosophy of our people contains the aspiration to realize true peace that starts with us. A united dream can create a united Korea. The burning desire of eighty million people is to attain a unified Korea and found a new future. The dream we are all dreaming together of a reunified country includes each one of us.”

“We have to make an equal opportunity ‘arena’”

–Why emphasize identity, destiny, and vision?
“The Cold War system has vanished, but unfortunately, the Korean peninsula is still divided. The only place that is still locked in a Cold War mentality is the Korean peninsula. The USSR collapsed and China’s Korean peninsula policies have changed, but in North and South Korea, the Cold War continues. If we want to get out of the Cold War mentality, we have to propose a vision with Korea’s historical roots, our identity, and the fate of the people at the foundation. There are those who think that North and South Korea’s administrations will reach an agreement and become unified that way, but they don’t know what they are talking about. The only way Korea will become unified is if the citizens become owners and lead unification movements. In order to that, more than anything else, vision is important.”

–Successful economic reform is also an important factor in preparing for reunification.
“When the economy needs to be revived by government leadership, a crony-capitalism system may be tolerated, but in Korea today, where the economy is developed, it’s a problem to just focus on a few chaebŏls (family-run conglomerates). This situation is crushing the potential of the Korean people. The fact that population of young person has diminished but there are still more young people who are unemployed than ever is evidence of this. The phrase, “Hell Chosŏn” that has been coined to describe the self-torturous environment is clear evidence that Korea’s economy is in a bad place.”

He emphasized that, “reform and deregulation of the financial market is necessary. After the foreign exchange crisis, unfair capital distribution became worse. Improvements have to happen and move in the direction of expanding opportunities to create capital.”

“If we don’t solve the problem of an economy fixated on conglomerates, when we become united, how are we going to accommodate more than 20 million North Koreans? We have to make a fair playing field in which many people have access to capital and everyone is provided with equal opportunities in order to block the economic focus on conglomerates. Among the big differences between the U.S. and Korea, one is that in the U.S., when intelligent and talented young people are starting their own businesses, there are paths to access capital, but in Korea, they are already blocked from the very beginning. It’s not just difficult for young people to get jobs; it’s also hard for them to establish a business.”

–I’m aware that in less developed nations like the Philippines, Nepal, Cambodia, Mongolia, etc., solar lanterns and streetlamps have been installed, and educational and living environments are being improved by the All-Lights Village Project.
“The solar lanterns are symbolic. Light means escape from poverty and enlightenment. Poverty can be overcome through reformation of consciousness. The New Village Movement also succeeded thanks to reformation of consciousness under the goal of ‘let’s be self-reliant.’ We are helping people to think, ‘I can escape from poverty’ with solar lanterns and streetlamps as the medium. The All-Lights Village Project started in the Philippines as a public-private partnership community development program, and developed as self-reliant village project to eradicate illiteracy in rural areas and develop the economy.

–What about your work in South America?

Work in Asia and South America
“We do the same work in South America as we do in Asia. In particular, through character education with each country’s Ministry of Education, we work to cultivate young people of good character. We also provide a variety of volunteer opportunities in order to change attitudes toward civility. GPF also starts national transformation movements in South America. As you know, South American countries have a lot of problems in their national systems and organizations. Whether a country functions properly or not is determined more on what the principles and values are that preserve the country than its political system. The U.S.’s becoming a superpower was influenced by their impartial value system which stresses responsibility from Christianity and Judaism. The financial crisis and such took place after those values and principles collapsed. Our work in South America, too, stresses the importance of principles and values, just as it does in other places, while presenting solutions based on them as the basis.”

–Are you willing to visit North Korea and meet Kim Jong-un?
“That will happen sooner than you think.”

–When do you think reunification will happen?
“That depends on the Korean people. Civic-led reunification movements are important.”

Reunification Experts and Reunification Economy Forum

“Reunification Is Coming Faster Than You Think. The More We Prepare, the Better.”
On October 8, GPF hosted the ‘Korean Peninsula Reunification International Expert Forum’ with the Hansun Foundation and others in Seoul’s Samsŏng-dong. The topic was ‘the role of civil society in reunification and seeking international cooperation plans.’ On the same day, a reunification economy forum was held with the topic of ‘peaceful reunification and economic development.’ The opinions expressed at both forums are introduced here.

“The reunification of the Korean peninsula is the destiny of the Korean people as a community. Not only the government, but also civil society needs to actively get involved for reunification to happen. Let’s gather the knowledge of all of our people and open the road to the reunification of the Korean peninsula.” (Pak Chae-wan, Chairperson of the Hansun Foundation, former Ministry of Strategy and Finance secretary)

“For a long time, our society has thought of ‘unification’ in terms of South Korean-centered unification or the enormous financial burden we will have to undertake if we are reunified. It’s time now to change our perspective when it comes to unification. This is because of the opportunities and hope that come with reunification. Outwardly, with Northeast Asia’s peace and stability as a foundation, this region can be changed into a new growth center for the world economy. Inwardly, a new stepping stone can be made for Korea’s economy, which has lost some of its growth power. Germany, which faced reunification without being prepared has advised that, ‘unification comes faster than you would think, and the more you prepare for it, the better.’” (Kim Chu-hyŏn, Unification Preparation Committee, Economic Branch Chairperson Advisor to the President)

“If we take apart the process of reunification in terms of economics, it can be divided in terms of the development of North Korea’s economy, the transition of North Korea’s economy, and the joining of the economies of the North and South. Before the joining, if North Korea’s economy develops and the transition is already propelled to some degree, then the work of joining the two economies will be that much easier and the cost of reunification will also be reduced. Thus, economic cooperation between the North and the South is the most beneficial method to prepare for reunification.” (Cho Tong-ho, Director of the Research Institute for Reunification Studies at Ewha Women’s University)

“The longer we continue to be divided, the more laborious the responsibility of reunification becomes for us.” (Kim Chin-pyo, former deputy prime minister for economic affairs)

“I propose breaking the standard framework up until now of North/South economic cooperation which was South Korean capital + North Korean low pay labor power and using a model in which commercial finance supports North Korean industry. This is a model in which South Korea’s commercial banks join up with other private banks or commercial banks in other countries like China and support North Korea’s industry with equipment funds or operating funds. This is an overall support plan that isn’t limited to only fund support; so that North Korea’s industry can succeed, different kinds of knowhow instruction for the processing trade, help with facility funds, improvement of trade finances, purchasing of the products produced, etc. would be included. If this kind of model is realized and North Korea’s economy gains autonomy while becoming market and finance-oriented, it would be a big help in making ‘the unification jackpot’ a reality going forward.” (Sin Sang-hun, former Shinhan Bank president)